2016) launched in August 2018, with a closest approach to date of 35 R S, and ultimately 9.8 R S. Our knowledge of the conditions in the inner Solar System is largely due to measurements by the twin Helios spacecraft in the 1970s and 1980s ( Schwenn & Marsch 1990, 1991), which reached 0.29 au (62 solar radii, R S) early data are also available from Parker Solar Probe ( Fox et al. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF, also known as the heliospheric magnetic field Owens & Forsyth 2013), along with the solar wind, fills the entire Solar System. The Sun’s magnetic field is carried into space by the hot plasma outflow known as the solar wind. The overall instrument design, performance, data products, and operational strategy are described. The challenging vibration and thermal environment has led to significant development of the mechanical sensor design. The need to characterise not only the background magnetic field but also its variations on scales from far above to well below the proton gyroscale result in challenging requirements on stability, precision, and noise, as well as magnetic and operational limitations on both the spacecraft and other instruments. The magnetometer instrument on the Solar Orbiter mission is designed to measure the magnetic field local to the spacecraft continuously for the entire mission duration. Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA Space Inst., Copenhagen, DenmarkĬenter for Space and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR) and Department of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, USAĮuropean Space Agency, ESTEC (SCI-S), PO Box 299, Noordwijk 2200 AG, The NetherlandsĮuropean Space Agency, ESAC (SCI-S), Madrid, Spain Earth Planetary & Space Sci., Los Angeles, CA, USA University of California Los Angeles, Inst. Predictive Science Inc., San Diego, CA, USA NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Universite PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite, Universite de Paris, 5 Pl. University of Maryland Baltimore County, Goddard Planetary Heliophys Inst., Baltimore, MD, USA Technical University of Braunschweig, IGEP, Mendelssohnstr. University of Calabria, Dipartimento Fis, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK Meteorol., Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, UKĬentre for Fusion, Space & Astrophysics, Physics Dept., University of Warwick, Coventry, UK SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK Astronomical objects: linking to databases.Including author names using non-Roman alphabets. Suggested resources for more tips on language editing in the sciences Punctuation and style concerns regarding equations, figures, tables, and footnotes
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